The chart above shows the annualized nominal gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate when the GDP is priced in US dollars in each EU and US state over the past five years as of the second quarter of 2021 and the growth rate over the past ten years. Six states had negative growth over the past ten years while zero had negative growth over the past five.
Findings
- The difference between the state with the largest annualized five-year growth rate, Ireland, and the state with the smallest, Hawaii, is 13.34 percentage points.
- The difference between the state with the largest annualized ten-year growth rate, Ireland, and the state with the smallest, Greece, is 13.10 percentage points.
- The median annualized five-year growth rate in the 28 EU states is 5.75% and the mean 6.27%. The median annualized ten-year growth rate in the 28 EU states is 1.31% and the mean 1.96%.
- The median annualized five-year growth rate in the 50 US states is 4.18% and the mean 4.16%. The median annualized ten-year growth rate in the 50 US states is 4.13% and the mean 4.10%.
- The median annualized five-year growth rate in the 78 EU and US states is 4.46% and the mean 4.92%. The median annualized ten-year growth rate in the 78 EU and US states is 3.62% and the mean 3.33%.
- Of the 78 states, 52 grew faster over the past five years than they did over the past ten years (28 from the EU, 24 from the US), 0 had the same annualized growth rate over both periods (0 EU, 0 US), and 26 grew slower over the past five years than they did over the past ten years (0 EU, 26 US).
- Some EU drops in GDP growth rate are attributed to currency rate fluctuations.
Caveats
- Data is from the second quarters of 2011, 2016, and 2021.
- The data is seasonally adjusted in current dollars.
- Euros are converted to dollars at an average exchange rate of 1.21 for the second quarter of 2021, 1.13 for the second quarter of 2016, and 1.44 for the second quarter of 2011 according to historic rates listed at the Federal Reserve (see source link below).
- US data comes in an annualized format which the EU does not, thus EU data is annualized by multiplying the quarterly figure by four.
- US growth rates may differ from those provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis as the BEA's growth rates are based on chained dollars in conjunction with the chain index or the quality index for real GDP. The growth rates listed here are based on nominal GDP.
- All figures are rounded to the nearest hundredth.
Details
Hawaii had the worst performance over the past five years with an annualized growth rate of of 1.46%. Ireland had the best performance with an annualized gain of 14.80%.
Over the past ten years, Greece had the worst performance with an annualized growth rate of -2.71% in GDP while Ireland had the best performance with an annualized growth rate of 10.39%.
Hawaii had the worst change in its growth rate between its annualized ten-year growth and its annualized five-year growth slowing its rate by 1.60 percentage points. Czechia had the best change in its growth rate between its annualized ten-year growth and its annualized five-year growth raising its rate by 6.81 percentage points.
Cyprus went up 58 spots in the growth rank from having the 74th largest growth rate over the past ten years to the 16th largest growth rate over the past five years. Conversely, Michigan went down 35 spots in the growth rank from having the 33rd highest growth rate over the past ten years to the 68th highest growth rate over the past five years. Two states had annualized growth rates in the top five both over the past ten years and over the past five years: Ireland (1st highest ten-year, 1st highest five-year) and Malta (3rd highest ten-year, 5th highest five-year). Three states had growth rates in the bottom five both over both periods: Italy (77th highest ten-year, 75th highest five-year), Greece (78th highest ten-year, 76th highest five-year), and Alaska (75th highest ten-year, 77th highest five-year).
Sources
Eurostat. 2021. "GDP and Main Components." Accessed December 1, 2021. https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?query=BOOKMARK_DS-406779_QID_-29650BF8_UID_-3F171EB0&layout=TIME,C,X,0;GEO,L,Y,0;UNIT,L,Z,0;S_ADJ,L,Z,1;NA_ITEM,L,Z,2;INDICATORS,C,Z,3;&zSelection=DS-406779UNIT,CP_MEUR;DS-406779INDICATORS,OBS_FLAG;DS-406779NA_ITEM,B1GQ;DS-406779S_ADJ,SCA;&rankName1=UNIT_1_2_-1_2&rankName2=INDICATORS_1_2_-1_2&rankName3=NA-ITEM_1_2_-1_2&rankName4=S-ADJ_1_2_-1_2&rankName5=TIME_1_0_0_0&rankName6=GEO_1_2_0_1&sortC=ASC_-1_FIRST&rStp=&cStp=&rDCh=&cDCh=&rDM=true&cDM=true&footnes=false&empty=false&wai=false&time_mode=NONE&time_most_recent=false&lang=EN&cfo=%23%23%23%2C%23%23%23.%23%23%23.
Federal Reserve. 2021. "Foreign Exchange Rates." Accessed December 2, 2021. https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5/.
Office for National Statistics. 2021. "Gross Domestic Product at market prices: Current price: Seasonally adjusted £m - Office for National Statistics." Accessed December 1, 2021. https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/timeseries/ybha/ukea.
US Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2021. "GDP by State." Accessed November 30, 2021. https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-state.